Layer 1
Create a normal gradient fill.



Layer 2
Duplicate the gradient layer and apply filter > Render > Difference Clouds 5 times. Set the layer to soft light.



Layer 3
Duplicate the gradient [layer 1] and set to multiply.



Layer 4
Now on to the render, Apply Filter > Distort > Radial Blur Zoom 100%. Apply Image > Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast: Brightness -100, Contrast -100.



Layer 5
Another render copy. Apply Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur: Radius 10. Apply Image > Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast: Brightness -100, Contrast -100. Move the layer slightly to offset the shadow.




Layer 5
Another Render copy. This time simply as standard, Normal.



Layer 6
Duplicate layer 5 and set to screen.



Layer 7, 8, 9
Create 3 areas of exploding pixie dust. For light background areas set the layer to overlay. For dark backgrounds keep on normal.



Layer 10, 11, 12
Create 3 areas of simple airbrushing. Duplicate each to improve contrast.



Layer 13, 14, 15
Create 3 areas of more detailed airbrushing.



Layer 16, 17
Duplicate the Render Twice, slightly offsetting each. This adds much larger scale to the structures. Use the eraser to rub out the middle unwanted area.



Layer 18
Duplicate the original gradient layer and carefully erase the central part, so that the image comes through from underneath but fades towards the edges.



Layer 19
Create a hue/saturation layer colorize with saturation set at 0. Set the opacity to 80%.



Layer 20
Create a color balance layer.
Highlights: Yellow -66
Midtones: Blue +20, Red +35
Shadows: Blue +15



Layer 21
Create a levels layer: Red input levels: 0, 1.3, 255



Layer 22
Create a Brightness/Contrast layer: Brightness +15,
Contrast +25



Final image:




Important note: The author is not a natural English speaker and there is a high chance of mistakes in every way. Corrections and comments are welcome.